GMAT Practice Question: The function f is defined for each positive three-digit integer n by...
Question
The function f is defined for each positive three-digit integer n by f(n)=2^x 3^y 5^z, where x, y, and z are the hundreds, tens, and units digits of n, respectively. If m and v are three-digit positive integers such that f(m)=9 f(v), then m-v=
- 8
- 9
- 18
- 20
- 80
Topics: functions, exponents, prime factorization, equations of primes
Solution
Step 1
We let the digits of m be x_m, y_m, and z_m, and the digits of v be x_v, y_v, and z_v.
f(m) = 2^x_m 3^y_m 5^z_m f(v) = 2^x_v 3^y_v 5^z_v
Step 2
We express the ratio of f(m) to f(v) in terms of the digit differences.
f(m)/f(v) = 2^x_m - x_v 3^y_m - y_v 5^z_m - z_v
Step 3
We set this ratio equal to 9 and write 9 as a power of primes.
f(m)/f(v) = 3^2
Step 4
We match each prime exponent on both sides to find how the digits differ.
x_m - x_v = 0 y_m - y_v = 2 z_m - z_v = 0
Step 5
We express m - v in terms of the digit differences.
m - v = 100 (x_m - x_v) + 10 (y_m - y_v) + (z_m - z_v)
Step 6
We substitute the differences and calculate.
m - v = 100 0 + 10 2 + 0 = 20
Answer
20
